Refactor codebase with modular structure and add caching system

- Restructure code into separate modules: data, algorithms, logging, cache
- Add efficient caching system for keys and encrypted distances
- Implement three sorting algorithms: selection, bitonic, heap
- Add comprehensive logging with timestamps and progress tracking
- Configure musl target for static compilation
- Support command-line algorithm selection and cache control

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.ai/code)

Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>

Cargo.toml

@@ -10,3 +10,5 @@ anyhow = "1"
 rand = "0.9"
 clap = { version = "4.0", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1"
+chrono = { version = "0.4", features = ["serde"] }
+bincode = "1.3"